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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 





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SEE PAGE 17 

Buffalo Scales. 







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ATLANTA EXPOSITION 
1895. 



Buffalo, 



The Commercial, Industrial, Shipping, 
Convention and Electrical Center. 




THE above diagram accurately indicates the relative posi- 
tions of Buffalo and the leading cities of Canada and 
the United States, east of the Mississippi River. The rules 
printed between Buffalo and those cities represent an air 
line from point to point, on a scale of 320 miles to the inch. 
Buffalo's central position for lake, canal and railroad traffic, 
for manufacturing and every branch of commerce and for 
convention purposes, can be comprehended at a glance. 



Buffalo Greets the South 



Mitb a Synopsis 



HISTORY, ATTRACTIONS, ADVANTAGES, INSTITUTIONS AND FACTS 

CONCERNING HER MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT, PREPARED 

FOR DISTRIBUTION IN CONNECTION WITH THE 

EXHIBIT REPRESENTING HER 

MATERIAL INTERESTS, 



Cotton States and International Exposition, 

ATLANTA, GA., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec, 189^, 



BY 



RICHMOND C. HILL, 



it 



Under the supervision of a committee appointed for that purpose by the 
city of Buffalo, comprising 

R. R. HEFFORD President Merchants' Exchange, 

C. W. BETTS President Lumber Exchange, 

JOHN HUGHES, President Live Stock Exchai 

H. SCHAEFER President Builders' Exchange, 

S. S. KINGSLEY, President Real Estate Exchange, 

A. D. GAIL, President Produce Exchange, 

who will be pleased to furnish any further information desired. 



TMI MATTHIWl-MOBTMBUPCO., COUPLET I AAT-MlMTINi WOtKI, lUFF'tO, 



1 -.3. I 



The City of Buffalo — 1895. 

(Copyright, 189s, by R. C. Hill.) 

PROGRESSIVE PEOPLE are not prone to crying over what has been 
A termed " the spilled milk of history," and those most interested in the 
prosperity and development of the thriving city of Buffalo care very little 
for the facts and romances associated with her pioneer days. 




It may, however, be of especial interest to the closet student to know, 
and to the "oldest inhabitant " to recall, the fact that a hundred years ago 
the site of the city was a small trading post, or trappers' settlement, and that 
in 1795 one Baron La Rochefoucault Liancourt remarked, in memoirs of 




INSIDE THE BREAKWATER. 



this then primeval region, that "at the post on Lake Erie there is a small 
collection of four or five houses." It may also be of passing interest to 
some to know that at the beginning of the nineteenth century the Holland 
Land Company had acquired a considerable portion of the site by purchase, 




and, in arranging to lay it out in town and village lots, named it New 
Amsterdam. The surveys were completed in 1804, and the first lot, contain- 
ing half an acre, was sold for $135. The young village throve, was duly 
incorporated April 2, 1813, and, on December 30th, the same year, was 
destroyed by British troops and 
their Indian allies, who crossed the 
river at Black Rock. Only two 
houses escaped the flames, and 
they served as a nucleus around 
which grew up a colony which, in 
1832, from a village, became the 
city of Buffalo. The origin of the 
name " Buffalo " has been the sub- 
ject of much discussion, and has 
never been determined or even sat- 
isfactorily explained. The writer 
here ventures the suggestion — for the first time now made — that it is 
derived from the French words " Boeuf-et-l'eau." The sound certainly fits, 
if the application does not, and even the application is a fitting one, as the 
French voyageurs and missionaries who wandered this way with Lasalle and 




A GRAIN ELEVATOR. 



iil 1 i 

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ill 1 fe ^Jaftf 


- 


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mitt tf UriHir'I^^^^^B 



LOADING TRESTLES. 



Hennepin in the seventeenth century saw plenty of water and undoubtedly 
encountered bisons in great numbers. 

The new city grew slowly but surely for some forty years, but it was not 
until about two decades since that a variety of influences brought about the 
commencement of an era of remarkable development and a rapid swelling 
of the population that has continued, with compound interest, ever since. 
The old Arab proverb "It is not what my father was but what I am" 
should, in these matter-of-fact days apply to this city, " It is not what 
Buffalo Was, but what she Is and what she Will Be ? " 

We will not venture the grandiloquent prophesy that she will in a few 
years outstrip Chicago in size and importance, or outrank New York as the 




w 



COAL DOCKS. 



commercial, in- 
dustrial and ar- 
tistic center of 
Western Hemis- 
phere civiliza- 
tion, but will give 

a few facts as to her present condition that will suggest to the reader of 
ordinary judgment and passing common sense the probabilities of her 
future municipal greatness, based upon her remarkably favorable location 
as the natural gateway, by land and water, between the East and the great 
West and the fast developing Northwest, upon her possession of the great 
electric power supply derived from the current of Niagara River, her beauti- 
ful environments and her unquestioned healthfulness. 

Among the first considerations affecting Buffalo's progress and pros- 
perity is her position as a great railroad center. She has the largest railroad 



yard facilities in the 
world, participated in 
by twenty-six great 
railroad corporations, 
which own 660 miles of 
track and over 3,600 
acres of land. The 
passenger and freight 
traffic resulting from a 
continuous employ- 
ment of these facilities 
is necessarily enormous. 
Almost of equal im- 
portance is the lake 




A CORNER IN THE PARK. 




A PARK DRIVEWAY. 



traffic. Because of her peculiar 
location at the portals of the chain 
of great lakes Buffalo receives a 
large share of the commerce of 
those lakes, to the extent annually 
of something like 9,000,000 tons, 
and this, be it remembered, during 
a season of about eight months 
only. 

To the railroad and lake traffic 
should be added that of the Erie 
canal, which is a very important 
factor in the commercial activities 




VIEW OF THE RIVER FROM THE FRONT. 







of Buffalo. Over 6,600 boats are 
employed in the canal traffic, for 
which the electric trolley system 
will soon be used. 

In direct association are the 
grain elevators, coal trestles, 
stockyards, ore docks, lum- 
ber and ship yards, wharves, 
warehouses, storage rooms 
and depots. The operation of all these 
are on a truly prodigious scale as some 
of the official figures show. In 1894 
the receipts of grain were in the neigh- 
borhood of 200,000,000 bushels, and dur- 
ing the same period about 4,300,000 tons 
of anthracite and 2,300,000 tons of bitu- 
minous coal were handled. In 1894 the 
live stock received here included 4,880,550 
hogs, 3,092,300 sheep, 79,410 horses, and 
842,000 head of cattle. It is difficult to 
estimate the amount of money invested, 
and the number of people em- 
ployed in handling this vast 
amount of business. They repre- 
sent a very large total. 

Some idea of the manufactur- 
ing enterprises of Buffalo may be 
gathered from the figures of the 
last U. S. Census, which showed 
that 3,559 establishments reported 
in 1890, representing 176 indus- 
tries, employing $67,867,154 in 
capital ; $24,617,408 was paid in 
wages to 49,998"hands. The cost 
of the materials used was $51,162,- 
770, and the value of the product 
$96,448,654. 

Since 1890 a very large in- 
crease has been made and a num- 
ber of very important industries added. The lead- 
ing industries of Buffalo are railroad-car building, 
car wheels, foundry supplies, agricultural imple- 
ments, anilines and dyes, soap, boots and shoes, 
clothing, flour, furniture, engines and boilers, 
cement paving, cast iron pipe, ship building, 



PARK GLIMPSES. 



electrical plant and appli- 
ers, dredging,wood working 
ical and dental instruments, 





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.JT ST HiA 






*' -A- 



NEW POST-OFFICE AND GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 



ances, breweries, forges and blow- 
machinery, bridge building, surg- 
lumber, leather and rubber belt- 
ing, shirts, cigars, school furniture, 
and a variety of others. 

The financial 
institutions of Buf- 
falo include 21 
banking establish- 
ments with assets 
of over $41,000,- 
000. The clear- 
ings at the Buffalo 
Clearing House in 
1894 footed up 

The last United 
States census, in 




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nil 



1890, gave Buffalo a population of 278,796. A police 
census of the city very carefully taken in May, 1895, gave 
a result of 335,705, quite a respectable increase in four 
years, and undoubtedly a very conservative estimate. 

The post-office receipts for the year ending February 
28, 1895, were $650,956.69, as compared 

with $337,45 2 -5 2 ^ l88 4- 

The assessed valuation of city prop- 
erty (for the collection of a tax, for 
1895, of $15.40 per $1,000) is 
$234,652,460 ; actual value 
$350,000,000. 

The courteous reader will 
gladly admit that these are 
very favorable figures con- 
cerning the commerce, manufacturing and finan- 
ces of Buffalo, " But," he will ask, " what can 
be said of the city in regard to its desirability 
as a place to live in ? What is its climate ? Is 
it healthful ? What residential 
recommendations has it ? " 

These very natural and proper 
questions a Buffalonian may answer 
with justifiable pride. The climate 
is similar to that of other lake cities 
in the same latitude. Its health 




CITV AND COUNTY BUILDING. 




STATE HOSPITAL. 




MUSIC HALL. 



ratio is abnormally 
good, as it ranks in 
the very front rank 
among the great cities 
of America. It has 
plenty of well ar- 
ranged and conveni- 
ent residences, excel- 
lently located, very 
accessible and suit- 
able for all classes at 
reasonable rents. Its 
streets are remark- 
ably clean and are 
well lighted. Two 
hundred and ten 
miles of the streets 
are paved with 
asphalt. All parts of 
the city are easy of access by a complete system of electric trolley cars 
and by the Belt Line of the New York Central Railroad. The fare for 
a trip on each of these is only five cents, no matter what the distance 
traveled may be, and transfers are granted on the trolley cars in a most lib- 
eral manner. There are about 140 miles of street railways in the city, and 
connections are conveniently made with suburban points outside the city 
limits. Manufactured gas and electricity are used for illuminating purposes, 
as also is natural gas to some extent, but this latter is largely used for heat- 
ing and cooking purposes. 

The water supply is taken from Lake Erie, and is of the purest quality 
and practically unlimited in quantity, the pumping station having a capacity 
of 200,000,000 gallons per day. The rates for illuminating gas, natural 
gas, electric lighting and water are all very reasonable, and the service in 
each case is admirable. The public school system is an excellent one, and 
a great majority of the 60 odd schoolhouses are modern and conveniently 

arranged. There are plenty of good 
churches of all denominations, and 
the city is well supplied with theatres, 
music and concert halls and well 
regulated places of amusement, not 
to mention singing society rooms and 
club houses. There are numerous 
hospitals and charitable institutions ; 
a large and flourishing Women's 
Educational Union, a well-equipped 
erie county savings hank buildino. *. M. C A., a splendid Public 





C. A. BUILDING. 



Library, a Law and other libra- 
ries, a Historical Societ)', a So- 
ciety of Natural Sciences, a fine 
Masonic Temple, numerous fra- 
ternal and beneficial societies, a 
well organized Board of Trade 
and Merchants' Exchange, Build- 
ers' Exchange, Real Estate Ex- 
change, Produce Exchange, 
Lumber Exchange, Live Stock 
Exchange, a fine Driving Park 
and Exposition Hall, several 
base-ball and athletic grounds, 
two regiments of National 
Guards, and several companies 
of U. S. infantry are always 
quartered at Fort Porter. The 
public park system is one of the 
finest in the world, and embraces over 1,000 acres of parks, parkways, 
boulevards, lakes and drives, and there are a number of charming nearby 
rural resorts and fishing and hunting grounds. 

Niagara Falls is reached in a half an hour's ride by rail, or by a delight- 
ful river excursion, and an electric trolley line connects the great cataract 
city with Buffalo. In 
summer also a Tally-Ho 
coach line will be op- 
erated. Among other 
places famous as health 
and pleasure resorts 
within easy distance of 
Buffalo are Chautauqua 
Lake, Silver Lake, Port- 
age Falls, Rock City, 
Kinzua Bridge, the 
Bradf ord-0 lean oil 
fields, Toronto, Lewis- 
ton, Queenston, and 
many delightful places 
on the shores of Lake 
Erie and along Niagara 
River. 

In regard to the 
municipal government, an admirably arranged manual compiled by City 
Clerk Hubbell says : " It is at all times a liberal one, and fosters enter- 
prise and encourages the advent of the stranger. Its unwritten policy has 




BUFFALO CLUB. 




STAR THEATRE. 



always been founded upon the lines 
indicated by the great statesman who 
wrote, ' That governs best which gov- 
erns least.' No income is derived by 
the municipality from many lines of 
industry heavily taxed in other 
places. Unreasonable 
sumptuary laws are not 
enforced by the police 
1 1 Uil I authorities, and such 

i], regulations alone are 

operated to secure pa- 
ternally the greatest 
good to the greatest 
number. The city 
works under an amend- 
ed constitution, which 
became a law in 1892. It was framed by a committee of citizens represent- 
ing the best of Buffalo's business, social and political life. This model 
instrument provides for a Board of Aldermen, representing the 25 wards. 
This body originates all legislation in the city government. All action 
taken thereby is inoperative unless approved by the Board of Councilmen. 
This body is distinctively a board of review, and above it stands the chief 
executive, the Mayor." 

By reason of its location, its railroad facilities, its many attractions, and, 
last but not least, because of its superior hotel accommodations, Buffalo is 
an ideal convention city. The leading hotels are the Iroquois, the Niagara, 
the Genesee, the New Tifft House, the Broezel, the Stafford, the Mansion, 
the Arlington, the Continental, and Greuner's (German). Buffalo has 
numerous halls suitable for the purposes of large conventions. 

It is an ideal tourists' headquarters ^ and the veritable 

Paradise for summer visitors. Above j**^.,. all, in a commercial 

sense, as an industrial 
center by reason of 
its most desirable lo- 
cation and the prox- 
imity and availability 




(TATE ar-f NAI., 6STII REGIMENT N. 




* M 



— n_33 Si t •; — i -|-| 

^~;_M«. «»ai "Fl B9 in "» 

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if 



MORGAN BUILDING. 




MASONIC TEMPLE. 



»H ' 




f I R 1HII1 >[ Ff W 



of unlimited electric power, and every other 
manufacturing requirement Buffalo has no 
equal on the continent. Its furnaces, fac- 
tories, mills and workshops are the focus 
of unlimited supplies of iron ore, copper, 
lumber and other staples of the leading 
industries of the world. Its manifold 





JJ 31 33 n ii : : 




" , '■ " ' ' ■ • 



*€sLiL 



ELLICOTT SQUARE BUILDING. 

merits, municipal and otherwise, fairly en- 
title the city to the attention it is attract- 
ing all over the civilized world. 








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fan .^L^v^ W*i*. 



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m 



m 



GUARANTY BUILDING. 



" Welcome " is the sign over her 
portal, and her latch string always 
hangs out. 

Richmond C. Hill. 




SOLDIERS' MONUMENT AND BUFFALO LIBRARY — LAFAYETTE SQUARE. 





m^Mwm 







MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE. 



BUILDERS' EXCHANGE. 



13 



Buffalo Summarized. 



Commercial. — Enormous lake, railroad, and canal traffic ; substantial banking institutions, 
enterprising and well governed business exchanges, fine office buildings. 

Industrial. — Reasonable taxation, low price coal, admirable shipping facilities, convenient 
sites, cheap transportation, unlimited water supply, and electric power, the most ad- 
vantageous manufacturing and exporting center in the United States — (see Railroaa 
distances at bottom of this page. 

Residential. — A cleanly, healthful and well governed city ; a complete electric street rail- 
way system, 210 miles of asphalt paved streets, abundance of shade trees, magnificent 
public parks, comfortable and tasteful residences at low prices, or fair rental, unlim- 
ited and pure water supply, natural gas for cooking and heating, gas and electric 
street lighting, complete police and fire protection, excellent public schools and 
churches for all denominations, asylums and hospitals. 

For Visitors and Conventions. — Ample hotel accommodation, good halls, excellent 
theaters, club houses, a delightful summer climate, parkway drives, lake and river 
trips. Niagara Falls, Chautauqua Lake, Silver Lake, Oil Regions. 



BUFFALO OFFICIALS (1895). 



Mayor, . 
City Clerk, . 
Chief of Police, 
Police Justice, . 



Edgar B. Jewett. 
Mark S. Hubbell. 
. . W. S. Bull. 
. . T. S. King. 



Health Physician, . 
Supt. of Education, 
Postmaster, . 



Dr. Ernest Wende. 
Henry P. Emerson. 
Howard H. Baker. 



Chief Fire Department, B. J. McConnell. 



President Board of Aldermen, R. K. Smither ; President Board of Councilmen. J ames Ash. 
Board of Public Works: Geo. S. Gatchell, James Mooney, C. G. Pankow. 



BUFFALO ASSOCIATIONS. 



Merchants' Exchange — R. R. Hefford, President; Wm. Thurstone, Secretary. 

Builders' Exchange — Henry Schaefer, President ; J. C. Almendinger, Secretary. 

Bankers' Association — Pascal P. Pratt, President; W. C. Cornwell, Secretary. 

Lumber Exchange — C. W. Betts, President; C. W. Baldy, Secretary. 

Produce Exchange — A. D. Gail, President ; J. J. White, Secretary. 

Live Stock Exchange — John Hughes, President ; Sprague Kerr, Secretary. 

Real Estate Exchange — Spencer S. Kingsley, President; Clark L. Ingham, Secretary. 

Street Railway Co. — Henry M. Watson, President; H. H. Littell, Gen I Manager. 



miles. 

298 Albany, 

1010 Atlanta, 

400 Baltimore, 

499 Boston, 

516 Chicago, 

183 Cleveland, 

427 Cincinnati, 

321 Columbus, 

1548 Denver, 

231 Detroit, 

1379 Duluth, 

378 Grand Rapids, 



fare. 

$ 6.15 
22.85 
10.00 
10.65 

i3-5o 
5.00 

12.25 
9-i5 

3 6 -75 
7.00 

25.00 

10.40 



)AD, 


AND FIRST-CLASS FARES, FROM BUFFALO. 


miles. 


FARE. 


MILES. fare. 


318 


Harrisburg, . 


$ 8.44 


270 


Pittsburgh, . . $ 5.40 


466 


Indianapolis, 


13-50 


70 


Rochester, . . 1.38 


1003 


Kansas City, 


26.00 


2940 


San Francisco, . 70.50 


601 


Milwaukee, . 


" 16.05 


727 


St. Louis, . . 19.25 


925 


Minneapolis, 


25.00 


918 


St. Paul, . . . 25.00 


988 


New Orleans, 


30.50 


123 


St. Thomas, . . 3.90 


410 


New York, . 


8.00 


24 


Suspension Bridge, .59 


443 


New York rate 




151 


Syracuse, . . . 2.98 




via N. Y. C, 


9- 2 5 


291 


Toledo, . . . 8.25 


22 


Niagara Falls, 


•55 


105 


Toronto, . . . 3.15 


1005 


Omaha, . . 


26.25 


204 


Utica, .... 4.04 


308 


Philadelphia, 


9- 2 5 


440 


Washington, . 11.20 



14 



Niagara Falls. 




POETS and prose writers of the highest rank have 
made the great cataract of the Niagara River 
k the theme of most superlative literary efforts, 
but hitherto even the inspired use of words 
have fallen short of depicting the wonderful 
waterfall in all its marvelous strength, beauty and 
. / impressiveness. So also have the pencil of the 

painter and the sunpictures of the photographer in a 
measure failed to reproduce its peculiar characteristics. 
There is an indescribable atmosphere of forcefulness and 
grandeur environing the huge mass of rushing, tumbling waters 
which cannot be depicted in verse, in prose or in pictures. In the blunt but emphatic 
language of the showman, " The Falls must be seen and seen again to be 
appreciated." 

But while the waters come pouring down the river from the great lakes and sweep- 
ing over the falls, as they have done for ages, in recent years there have been vast 
changes in the surroundings. The artifices of man have been and are still being 
combined with the forces of Nature in adding to and modulating the beauties of the 
place, and bringing order out of the chaos of attractions that have long made the 
place famous in connection with the huge cataract itself. On both sides of the river 
parks, under proper supervision, have been laid out. July 15, 1885, the State Reser- 
vation on the American side was formally opened for the free use of the public, and 
May 24, 1888, Oueen Victoria Park on the Canadian side was formally opened to the 
general public. 

Besides these two great observation grounds from which the Falls may be viewed 
in all their varying aspects, there are a number of minor points and places of interest. 
The chief of these are the new Suspension Bridge connecting Canada with the United 
States, the cantilever and railway suspension bridges at Suspension Bridge, and the 
Whirlpool Rapids and Whirlpool beyond. There are a number of outside museums 
and elevators ; but the most important of the extra-attractions of the Falls is the 
observation tower, opposite Prospect Park, 300 feet high. From the upper platform 
a view is obtained unequaled in the world for grandeur and picturesque variety. 

Another pleasing experience is a trip on one of the two Maids of the Mist. 
Niagara Falls itself has been greatly improved in recent years. It is no longer a 
sleepy country village, but is justly putting on metropolitan airs, having recently been 
organized in association with Suspension Bridge as a city, with all a modern city's 
duties, privileges and progressive spirit. The most important factor in attaining this 
municipal result has been the construction of the great hydraulic tunnel for the pur- 
pose of utilizing the enormous and continuous water force of Niagara River to 
supply power for manufacturing and other purposes, with the electric current as the 
grand medium. The principle upon which the tunnel has been built is exceedingly 
simple. The tunnel, which is subterranean, is really a great tail race extending 

15 



about a mile, from the water level at a point of Niagara River above the Falls, and 
embouching below the Falls at a much lower level. The tunnel is connected with 
the river by short surface canals, wheel pits and cross tunnels, the pits being furnished 
with turbines and the necessary hydraulic machinery, dynamos, etc., for generating 
and transmitting the electric power-giving current. 

A vast amount of capital is invested in this enterprise, and the skill, patience and 
persistence of the most able engineers and mechanics in the world have been enlisted 
in the enterprise, of which, naturally, Niagara Falls and the immediate vicinity will 
receive the first benefits. As soon as arrangements are perfected the electric power 
will be transmitted, chiefly to Buffalo, but also to points at a considerable distance 
from the generating center, and sanguine people believe that in a few years at most 
this power will be safely and economically transmitted to New York, Philadelphia, 
Boston, Chicago and other localities at a distance of 500 or even 1,000 miles. It 
is certain that the power will soon be advantageously transmitted to Buffalo, and, of 




-* ,' " - "-*■ ' 



course, to the intermediate localities, and enthusiastic prophets foretell the establish- 
ment in a few years of a gigantic city that will cover all the territory between and 
including the now existing municipalities of Buffalo and Niagara Falls. 

The two cities are already closely connected by a great variety of mutual interests, 
and in a material way by the steam railroad systems of the New York Central, the 
West Shore, the Michigan Central and the Erie Lines. Besides these, an electric trol- 
ley line connects with the street railway systems of Buffalo and Niagara Falls. This 
road makes direct connection with another very important trolley line extending from 
the observation tower, already mentioned, opposite Prospect Park at the Falls, along 
the American side of the gorge, down under the cliff, along the shore of the river, 
under the cantilever and railroad suspension bridges, past the great Whirlpool rapids, 
semi-circling the vast Whirlpool itself, along the picturesque rapids to Lewiston, a 
distance of about seven miles of the most strikingly beautiful and varying scenery in 
the world. 

These and other enterprises and many minor attractions, established and to come, 
will serve to expand and perpetuate the fame of Niagara throughout Christendom. 

R. C. H. 



16 



Somk Representative Buffalo Enterprises. 



VL 



THE BUFFALO SCALE WORKS. 

OROBABLY no one institution, among Buffalo's many and varied indus- 
tries, has been so instrumental in carrying the name and fame of 
Buffalo to all corners of the world as has the Buffalo Scale Company. This 
old established company has, for nearly forty years, been annually sending 
out to nearly every corner of our own land, as well as to very many foreign 
countries, an infinite variety of high grade scales, upon each one of which 
has stood out most prominently the word Buffalo. From the very nature 
of the product manufactured, which, in its use, decides in each transaction 
as between buyer and seller, it will at once appear that for long continued 
success in the production of such machines, and in gaining and keeping the 
confidence of the business world in their use, the first and great essentials 
are " highest quality " and " greatest accuracy." From the very first this has 
been the chief aim of the com- 
pany ; and as a result, many 
thousand miles from home, the 
word Buffalo is synonymous 
with highest quality and great- 
est accuracy in all transactions 
where weights and measures 
are the determining factors. 
The variety of machines manu- 
factured cover a wide range, 
from the smallest postal scale, 
such as this Company has fur- 
nished the United States Gov- 
ernment many thousand of, to 
the ponderous railroad track scale which will, easily and accurately, record 
the weight of a heavily loaded train. It will readily be seen that the Buf- 
falo Scale Company can consistently be placed among the first of Buffalo's 
most representative industries. It occupies an extensive and complete 
plant, fully equipped with every mechanical appliance that can assist in the 
manufacture of the articles for which they have attained a world-wide repu- 
tation. The officers are : George G. Linen, president ; T. L. Richmond, treas- 
urer ; F. A. Avery, secretary, and J. H. l T sher, mechanical superintendent. 
For many years the company has been represented at all the principal expo- 
sitions, and has received highest awards. In this connection their representa- 
tive will be pleased to welcome visitors at their exhibit in Section A of the 
Manufacturers' Building at the Cotton States and International Exposition, 

17 






lLO scale works. 



THE PITTS AGRICULTURAL WORKS. 

The Pitts Agricultural Works, one of the oldest, most successful and 
important industries of Buffalo, was founded in 1S50 by Hiram and John A. 
Pitts, two brothers, who came from Maine, where they had gained for 
America the honor of giving to the world the first portable threshing, 
separating and clearing machine, which has served as the model for all 
others. 

The present establishment occupies six acres of floor space. It has 
turned out more than 25,000 steam and horse- power threshing outfits and 
furnished machines to every grain- growing country in the world, adapting 
their machines to the exigencies of the section where used. The works also 
turn out the most improved farm and soil preparing tools. 

Another department of this great enterprise will attract especial interest 
at this time when the agitation for good roads is so wide-spread and 
emphatic, namely that of improved road machinery. One feature of this 




STEAM ROAD ROLLER. 



department is a double engine steam Road Roller, made in three sizes, and 
very heartily approved of by municipal experts, contractors and country road 
builders. That these rollers meet the requirements of the most exacting 
official is evidenced by the fact that they have been purchased by the United 
States Government for use at the West Point Military Academy, after the 
most critical examination and the severest tests in competition with all 
others. 

The officers of the Pitts Agricultural Works are Carleton Sprague, 
president ; C. M. Greiner, secretary ; John B. Olmsted, attorney, who 
will be pleased to mail catalogues on application or give any desired 
information. 



BUFFALO SPRING & CHAR WORKS. 

The Buffalo Spring & Gear Company is probably the best known 
throughout the world of any manufacturers in its line. 

Their peculiar and successful methods of advertising has made their 
name familiar among carriage makers in all quarters of the globe. Vehicles 
manufactured by this company have for several years been exported into 
Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe and the islands of the sea. Their customers 
in this country extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific, showing con- 
clusively the excellent shipping advantages enjoyed by manufacturers in 
Buffalo. 

Some ten years ago this firm introduced to the trade " Vehicles in the 
White"; that is, carriages complete in every respect except painting. 




'• PALO U.lo" \V \c.o\. 

This enables carriage makers to see what they are buying before it is cov- 
ered with paint and varnish, and that means everything to purchasers of 
high-class work. 

The Buffalo Spring & Gear Company enjoy the reputation among the 
trade of making a very superior grade of work and of the most unique and 
salable styles. As an example of the wearing quality of the vehicles manu- 
factured by this firm, it may be stated that a gentleman in Hamburg, I 
many, covered a distance of nearly 5,000 miles riding in a cut-under 
buggy selected from regular stock. 

The Buffalo Spring & Gear Company are also the sole owners and only 
manufa turers of the most popular riding spring on the market known to 
the trade as the Thomas Coil Spring. Thousands are riding to-day on this 
luxurious spring who do not even know its name. Every reputable whole- 
sale carriage builder in the world is using them. So much for one of our 
leading carriage industries. 

'9 




THE McKlNNON DASH & HARDWARE COMPANY. 
One of the most flourishing of the more important manufacturing enter- 
prises of Buffalo is the McKinnon Dash & Hardware Company, limited, 
which manufactures on an extensive scale patent dash frames and attach- 
ments, supplying jobbers and carriage makers all over the American Con- 
tinent. Their especial brands of dashes are the " Niagara," with channel 
bar dash frame covered with the finest leather, and the " Buffalo," prac- 
tically a solid foot dash, but neater in appearance and stronger than if the 

feet were forged solid with 

the frame. The dashes are 

Tfe great favorites in the market. 

The McKinnon Company 
also manufactures side rail 
Surrey dashes, wing dashes, 
raised rail dashes, fenders 
in various styles, curtain 
roll-up straps, prop block 
washers, shaft trimmings, 
apron flaps and numerous 
mckinnon dash and hardware company. other valuable devices in- 

dispensable in first-class carriage building. One of the important special- 
ties, used in all the company's dashes, is a concealed head bolt attachment, 
in various styles, and unequalled in utility by anything produced in com- 
petition. 

The officers of the company are S. F. McKinnon, president ; L. E. 
McKinnon, treasurer and manager ; W A Notman, secretary. The Buffalo 
address is No. 250 Amherst Street. 

THE NIAGARA TOP COMPANY. 

A unique and thriving industry of Buffalo is that of the Niagara Top 
Company, the business of which has grown to very important proportions 
since its organization in 18S6. This 
enterprising company is producing a 
large and excellent line of carriage 
appurtenances, including tops, cuj-h- 
ions, dashes and backs, and is shipping 
large quantities all over the United 
States, to Australia, and other foreign 
markets, where "the N. T. Co.'s " 
goods have justly earned a splendid 
reputation. The business of the com- 
pany is in the hands of practical and 
experienced men. To its other lines 
has recently been added bicycles of 
superior make, which, however, are being sold at very reasonable prices, 




NIAGARA TOP COMPANY. 




THE SNOW STEAM PUMP WORKS. 
The Snow Steam Pump Works, whose extensive plant is situated 
between Seneca and Clinton streets just east of ISailey Avenue, was incor- 
porated in the early spring of 1890, and its first products were placed on 
the market less than five years ago. Starting with a small plant, consisting 
of foundry and machine shop, and employing a very small number of 
mechanics, this company has grown to such proportions that its plant has 
been increased more than ten fold, and it is employing to-day more 
than 400 skilled mechanics, and the shops are running day and night to 
keep abreast with the 
orders booked. This 
company manufac- 
tures steam pumps and 
pumping machinery 
from the smallest size 
of boiler feed pump, 
weighing less than 120 
lbs., up to the largest 
water works pumping 
engine of the most 
modern type and 
weighing all the way up 
to 800 tons and more. snow steam pump works. 

This company stands to-day in the front rank competing successfully with 
the oldest and largest pumping engine manufacturers in the world. Its 
products go all over this country, and a heavy demand for them has been 
established in Europe and other parts of the world. The uniform superior- 
ity of the design and the great care taken in the selection of the material, 
and skilled labor used in the goods manufactured by this company, 
are sufficient guarantee that the plant of the company will continue to 
grow in size, and no doubt in a few years hence the Snow Steam Pump 
Works will be one of the largest, if not the largest, pumping engine manu- 
factory in the country. 

BUFFALO AND ART-PRINTING. 

In the "art preservative" Buffalo has acquired universal fame for 
artistic excellence and volume and variety of business. Particularly note- 
worthy is the complete art-printing works of The Matthews-Northrup 
Co. Here every variety of letter-press printing, both black and colored, 
and every style of engraving for printing, and bookbinding are done. 
This pamphlet is a fair specimen of what is produced by this splendid 
establishment. In association with it are the publishing enterprises of 
Geo. E. Matthews & Co., proprietors of the Morning Express^ daily, and 
The Illustrated Sunday Express^ both superb examples of intelligent and 
enterprising journalism. 



BUFFALO'S SMOOTH AND CLEAN STREETS. 

That the officials of Buffalo are enabled to keep the streets of the city in a 

remarkably cleanly condition is due to the fact that more than 2co miles of 

those streets are paved with asphalt. Thanks to Pitch Lake, situated in the 

island of Trinidad, British West Indies, Buffalo is the best paved city in the 




A SPECIMEN OF 20O MILES OF BUFFALO STKEETS. 

world, Paris and Washington not excepted, for about four million square 
yards of Buffalo's streets are surfaced with asphalt from that wonderful 
lagoon, brought thence and laid here by the Barber Asphalt Paving Com- 
pany, which, although it has laid its fine paving in over forty other cities of 
the United States, has the most to justly boast of in the work it has done in 

Buffalo. 

THE GREAT GORGE ROUTE. 

In direct connection with the Buffalo Street Railway sys- r __ 

tern, and the Buffalo & Niagara Falls trolley line, is the 
Niagara Falls & Lewiston Railroad, which traverses the 
whole length of the Niagara gorge on the American side be- 
tween the Falls and Lewiston. On the line are many | 
caves and caverns, rapids and historic points ; it passes 
under old forts, through battle grounds, and the scenes 
of the bloody massacres by the red men in the early 
settlers' days, which have made this region famous. To 
see Niagara as it should 
be seen, cheaply, thor- 
oughly and quickly, the 
tourist should take the 
best, most complete 
electric railroad route 
in the world, The Niag- 
ara Falls <.\: Lewiston 
Railroad. 




'jfigfrrej* Av 




BUFFALO HOTELS. 

Buffalonians have good reason for feeling proud of her existing public 
buildings, and of those projected or actually in the course of erection. 
Among the former the leading hotels of Buffalo are a source of eminent 
satisfaction, particularly the largest and finest of them all, the Iroquois, 
which is eminently an example of the city's enterprise, inasmuch as it was 
built, and is owned, by the Buffalo Library Association, at a cost of about 
$1,000,000. When completed it was leased for a long term of years to 
Messrs. Woolley & Cerrans, two thoroughly competent, enterprising and 
thorough hotel managers, who have improved and beautified the property in 
many ways. It is a handsome and commodious, well-arranged brick 
structure, absolutely fire-proof, and is fitted and furnished with metropolitan 
elegance, comfort and completeness. 

The location of the Iroquois is the most central of any hotel in the 
city, within easy distance of the railroad depots, theatres, churches and 



V 



: 1 i 




$fEjyg| 









'I RIB I 1 IK 



public institutions. It is reached directly by all the electric trolley railways 
of the city. 

The [roquois is a " firsl class" hotel in the most complete sense of the 
term. It is the recognized "headquarters" for conventions, and is the 
favorite rendezvous of tourists. 

Messrs. Woolley & Gerrans are also proprietors of the magnificent (.rand 
Union Hotel at Saratoga Springs, \. Y. Under their management for 
several seasons the glories of that splendid palace have been renewed with 
increased brilliancy. 



^3 



SARATOGA. 

Niagara Falls and Saratoga, both within the borders of the Empire 
State, are unquestionably alike at home and abroad, the most famous places 
on the American Continent. Niagara Falls must ever endure as nature's 
grandest marvel, and Saratoga Springs appears to be destined to maintain 
and perpetuate the fame as the foremost pleasure and health resorts on the 
western shores of the Atlantic Ocean, for with her marvelous healing waters, 
her beautiful environ- 
ments, her proximity 
to the picturesque reg- 
ions of Lake George, 
Lake Champlain, the 
Adirondacks, Catskill 
and Green Mountains, 
her facilities of access 
from Buffalo, New 
York, Boston, Phila- 
delphia and other cen- 
ters of culture, luxury, 
art and wealth, her 
own social aristocracy and her manifold forms of and opportunities for 
refined recreation she stands alone, the first and foremost. Buffalo is 
especially interested in Saratoga, because her chief hotel, the largest and 
most imposing summer hotel structure in the world, the Grand Union, is 
leased and managed by the proprietors of Buffalo's chief hotel, the Iroquois. 
Messrs. Woolley & Gerrans have had control of the Grand Union for several 
seasons, and will reopen it again for the season of 1896, which will last from 
the end of June until early in September. The Grand Union was built 
and furnished at an enormous expense by the late multi-millionaire, A. T. 
Stewart. 




THE PARK — SARATOGA. 




OFFICE OF THE GRAND UNION — SARATOGA. 



24 



BUFFALO AND ATLANTA. 



Cotton States ^ International Exposition 

: Cbe l»OSt Direct and : 

Desirable Route 



♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ 



IS VIA 



Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R. R. 

C, C, C. & St. L., Big Four Route. 
Queen and Crescent Route. 
Southern Railway. 

Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R. R. between Buffalo and Cleveland, 
Big Four Route between Cleveland and Cincinnati and Queen and 
Crescent Route between Cincinnati and Chattanooga, Southern 
Railway between Chattanooga and Atlanta. 



SPLENDID EQUIPMENT THROUGHOUT AND EXCELLENT 

SLEEPING CAR ACCOMMODATION. 

RAPID TRANSIT AND ADMIRABLE SERVICE. 



FOR FURTHER INFORMATION APPLY TO 



T. S. T1MPSON, Eastern Passenger Agent, L. S. & M. S. R'y | 321 Main St., 

J. B. SEITZ, City Passenger Agent, L. S. & M. S. R'y i BUFFALO, N. V. 

C. 5. BLACKMAN, Qenl Eastern Agent, C, C, C. & St. L., 46 Exchange St., BUFFALO, N. Y. 
A. J. SMITH, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, L. S. St M. S. R'y, CLEVELAND, OHIO. 

D. J. COLLYER, City Ticket Agent, C, C, C & St. L CLEVELAND, OHIO. 

D. B. MARTIN, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, C, C..C. St St. L., CINCINNATI, OHIO. 
W. C. RINEARSON, General Passenger Agent, Queen and Crescent Route, CINCINNATI, OHIO. 
A. J. LYTLE, Division Passenger Agent. Queen and Crescent Route, CHATTANOOGA, TENN. 
S. H. HARDWICK, Ass't General Passenger Agent, Southern Railway, . . ATLANTA, GA. 
W. A. TURK, General Passenger Agent, Southern Railway, . . . WASHINGTON, D. C. 



LIBRARY OF CONGR 



014 220 711 



Positive Facts and Plain Figures. 



BUFFALO 



HAS 9 theaters, 6o public schools, iSo churches. 

HAS an inexhaustible pure water supply. 

HAS possession of unlimited electric power. 

HAS 3,500 manufactories, 100,000 operatives. 

HAS 900 acres and 16 miles of park driveways. 

HAS 150 miles, perfect system, electric street railways. 

HAS 700 miles railway tracks, 26 lines. 

HAS 200 miles of asphalted streets. 

HAS 51 elevators, capacity, 16,550,000 bushels. 

HAS 14 flour mills, capacity, 1,400,000 barrels. 

HAS the largest coal trestle in the world, nearly one mile 

long. 
HAS 21 commercial banks, capital, $5,300,000; surplus, 

$4,100,000. 
HAS 4 savings banks, deposits, $31,926,601. 
HAS cheap coal and natural gas in abundance. 
IS the most healthful large city in the United States. 
Coal receipts, 1894, 6,577,600 tons. 
Customs receipts, 1894, $473,830.50. 
Postoffice receipts, 1894, $659,819.35. 
Lumber receipts, 1894, 650,315,690 feet. 
Live stock receipts, 1894, 8,894,510 head. 
Internal Revenue receipts, 1894, $1,355,188.96. 
Grain receipts, 1894, by lake, 161,401,815 bushels. 
Flour — largest depot in the world — receipts by lake in 1894, 

11,488,530 barrels. 
Vessels arrived in 1894, 4.795. tonnage, 4.323.537. vessels 

cleared in 1894, 4,869, tonnage, 4,466,365. 
Rate of taxation — City, $15-39 on valuation of $1,000. 

County and State, $5,075. 

= Population, 335,709.= 



LIBRARY OF CONGRES! 




014 220 711 4^ 



